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Showing posts from January 4, 2019

Parchment

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Parchment From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For other uses, see Parchment (disambiguation). Central European (Northern) type of finished parchment made of goatskin stretched on a wooden frame Parchment with a quill and ink Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves, and goats. It has been used as a writing medium for over two millennia. Vellum is a finer quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves. It may be called animal membrane by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between "parchment" and the more restricted term vellum (see below). Contents 1 Parchment and vellum 2 History 3 Manufacture 3.1 Flaying, soaking, and dehairing 3.2 Stretching 4 Treatments 4.1 Reuse 5 Jewish parchment 6 Additi...

Årstid

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Diagram över jordens årstider, sett från norr. Längst till höger: decembersolståndet. Årstiderna / Årsringar För sången, se Årstiderna (sång). Årstiderna är inom väderförhållandena årets fyra delar, nämligen vår, sommar, höst och vinter [ 1 ] . Dessa fyra årstider kan delas in på flera olika sätt, till exempel astronomiskt, kalendariskt eller klimatologiskt. Innehåll 1 Indelning 2 Orsak 3 Grekisk mytologi 4 Övriga system 5 Referenser 6 Externa länkar Indelning | Astronomiskt sett motsvarar årstiderna var sin fjärdedel av jordens omloppsbana runt solen. Våren börjar då vid vårdagjämningen cirka 20–21 mars, sommaren har sin början vid sommarsolståndet cirka 20-21 juni, hösten vid höstdagjämningen cirka 22-23 september, och vintern vid vintersolståndet runt den 21-22 december. Detta indelningssätt används som standard i många engelsktalande länder men kallas där för meteorologisk indelning vilket inte bör blandas ihop med den klimat...

How many pairs of brackets in BF be sufficient enough to make it Turing Complete?

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10 1 BrainF is a programming language that makes itself Turing-Complete using only 8 symbols (6 if you ignore I/O). The two most notable ones that pushes it to Turing-Completeness are '['and ']', essentially BF's gotos and labels. Normally, programs in BF use multiple sets of '', but I was wondering, exactly how many pairs of these brackets have to be used to make BF Turing-Complete? More simply, what is the least amount of brackets that you'd need to simulate an n-state Turing Machine (Give the number of brackets for 1, 2, and three state Turing Machines)? Notes: We are assuming an infinite tape and no computational limits. It is a 2-symbol Turing Machine turing-completeness ...