Biotillgänglighet




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Biotillgänglighet (Biologisk tillgänglighet) är ett begrepp inom farmakologi som visar hur stor del av ett läkemedel som når systemkretsloppet (blodet)[1] i en organism, ofta underförstått människa.


Mer exakt mäter kvoten hur stor fraktion av ämnen som administreras oralt når cirkulationen i jämförelse med hur mycket som når cirkulationen vid intravenös administration. Ämnen där biotillgänglighet kan vara relevant är till exempel läkemedel, vitaminer eller gifter. Biotillgängligheten uttrycks i procent där en hög procentsats innebär att mycket av ämnet eller läkemedlet tas upp i kroppen.


Låg biotillgänglighet kan till exempel bero på att ämnet har svårt att absorberas i tarmen på grund av hög vattenlöslighet, eller att det bryts ned när blodet från tarmarna går genom levern innan det når resten av blodbanan( så kallat förstapassagemetabolism). Ett svårlösligt ämne kan också få dålig biotillgänglighet eftersom det måste vara löst i tarmvätskan för att kunna tas upp.


Ett ämnes biotillgänglighet kan förbättras, till exempel genom finfördelning eller andra formuleringsåtgärder. En gren av farmacin, galenisk farmaci sysslar bland annat med detta.



Referenser |



Noter |




  1. ^ Medicinsk ordbok: Biotillgänglighet, läst 2 april 2017




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