Limit $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{x^{cos x}}{x}$
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I need to calculate the limit $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{x^{cos x}}{x}$.
I tried to form it as $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{e^{ln (x)cdot cos x}}{x} $ and do L'Hôpital's rule but it doesn't solve it.
limits
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add a comment |
$begingroup$
I need to calculate the limit $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{x^{cos x}}{x}$.
I tried to form it as $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{e^{ln (x)cdot cos x}}{x} $ and do L'Hôpital's rule but it doesn't solve it.
limits
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Did you try with $x^{cos x -1}$?
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– ecrin
Jan 8 at 16:19
2
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Hint: $(ln{x})(cos{x}-1) rightarrow 0$.
$endgroup$
– Mindlack
Jan 8 at 16:20
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But the limit is still $0^0$
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:23
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I need to calculate the limit $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{x^{cos x}}{x}$.
I tried to form it as $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{e^{ln (x)cdot cos x}}{x} $ and do L'Hôpital's rule but it doesn't solve it.
limits
$endgroup$
I need to calculate the limit $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{x^{cos x}}{x}$.
I tried to form it as $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{e^{ln (x)cdot cos x}}{x} $ and do L'Hôpital's rule but it doesn't solve it.
limits
limits
edited Jan 8 at 16:50
Did
247k23223459
247k23223459
asked Jan 8 at 16:15
violettagoldviolettagold
266
266
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Did you try with $x^{cos x -1}$?
$endgroup$
– ecrin
Jan 8 at 16:19
2
$begingroup$
Hint: $(ln{x})(cos{x}-1) rightarrow 0$.
$endgroup$
– Mindlack
Jan 8 at 16:20
$begingroup$
But the limit is still $0^0$
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:23
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Did you try with $x^{cos x -1}$?
$endgroup$
– ecrin
Jan 8 at 16:19
2
$begingroup$
Hint: $(ln{x})(cos{x}-1) rightarrow 0$.
$endgroup$
– Mindlack
Jan 8 at 16:20
$begingroup$
But the limit is still $0^0$
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:23
$begingroup$
Did you try with $x^{cos x -1}$?
$endgroup$
– ecrin
Jan 8 at 16:19
$begingroup$
Did you try with $x^{cos x -1}$?
$endgroup$
– ecrin
Jan 8 at 16:19
2
2
$begingroup$
Hint: $(ln{x})(cos{x}-1) rightarrow 0$.
$endgroup$
– Mindlack
Jan 8 at 16:20
$begingroup$
Hint: $(ln{x})(cos{x}-1) rightarrow 0$.
$endgroup$
– Mindlack
Jan 8 at 16:20
$begingroup$
But the limit is still $0^0$
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:23
$begingroup$
But the limit is still $0^0$
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:23
add a comment |
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
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We have :
$$frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = x^{cos x -1} = e^{ln x (cos x -1)}$$
Now using the fact that in a neighborhood of $0$ we have :
$$cos x - 1 = -frac{x^2}{2} + o(x^2)$$
Then we can easily deduce that :
$$ln x cdot (cos x -1) to 0$$
Hence the desired limit is $1$.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thank you very much.
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:48
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$$begin{align}
lim_{xto0^+}x^{cos x-1}&=lim_{xto0^+}e^{ln x(cos x-1)}\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}frac{cos x-1}{dfrac1{ln x}}right)\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}frac{-sin x}{-dfrac1{x(ln x)^2}}right)\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}(xln x)(sin xln x)right)=e^0
end{align}$$
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add a comment |
$begingroup$
$cos x= 1+o(1)$ when $xto 0$ (first order of Taylor expansion). Then
$$frac{x^{cos x}}x =frac{x^{1+o(1)}}x=frac{xcdot x^{o(1)}}x=x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$$
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$begingroup$
This is quite wrong: $y=x+o(1)$ does not imply $x^y=x+o(1)$, and $frac{o(1)}x$ does not necessarily converge to $0$.
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:48
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I should have corrected it now
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– Lorenzo B.
Jan 8 at 16:56
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Yeah, except that now, you pushed everything in the last step $x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$, which happens to be wrong in general. Sorry but this is not a guessing game...
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:59
add a comment |
$begingroup$
You may also use the following facts:
- $lim_{xto 0}frac{cos x-1}{x} = cos'(0) = -sin(0) = 0$
- $lim_{xto 0}xln x = 0$
So, you get
$$ln frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = (cos x - 1)cdot ln x = frac{(cos x - 1)}{x}cdot x ln x stackrel{xto 0^+}{longrightarrow}0cdot 0 = 0$$
Hence, $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = e^0 = 1$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
Your Answer
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4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
We have :
$$frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = x^{cos x -1} = e^{ln x (cos x -1)}$$
Now using the fact that in a neighborhood of $0$ we have :
$$cos x - 1 = -frac{x^2}{2} + o(x^2)$$
Then we can easily deduce that :
$$ln x cdot (cos x -1) to 0$$
Hence the desired limit is $1$.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thank you very much.
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:48
add a comment |
$begingroup$
We have :
$$frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = x^{cos x -1} = e^{ln x (cos x -1)}$$
Now using the fact that in a neighborhood of $0$ we have :
$$cos x - 1 = -frac{x^2}{2} + o(x^2)$$
Then we can easily deduce that :
$$ln x cdot (cos x -1) to 0$$
Hence the desired limit is $1$.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thank you very much.
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:48
add a comment |
$begingroup$
We have :
$$frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = x^{cos x -1} = e^{ln x (cos x -1)}$$
Now using the fact that in a neighborhood of $0$ we have :
$$cos x - 1 = -frac{x^2}{2} + o(x^2)$$
Then we can easily deduce that :
$$ln x cdot (cos x -1) to 0$$
Hence the desired limit is $1$.
$endgroup$
We have :
$$frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = x^{cos x -1} = e^{ln x (cos x -1)}$$
Now using the fact that in a neighborhood of $0$ we have :
$$cos x - 1 = -frac{x^2}{2} + o(x^2)$$
Then we can easily deduce that :
$$ln x cdot (cos x -1) to 0$$
Hence the desired limit is $1$.
answered Jan 8 at 16:30
ThinkingThinking
1,03916
1,03916
$begingroup$
Thank you very much.
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:48
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Thank you very much.
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:48
$begingroup$
Thank you very much.
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:48
$begingroup$
Thank you very much.
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:48
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$$begin{align}
lim_{xto0^+}x^{cos x-1}&=lim_{xto0^+}e^{ln x(cos x-1)}\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}frac{cos x-1}{dfrac1{ln x}}right)\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}frac{-sin x}{-dfrac1{x(ln x)^2}}right)\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}(xln x)(sin xln x)right)=e^0
end{align}$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$$begin{align}
lim_{xto0^+}x^{cos x-1}&=lim_{xto0^+}e^{ln x(cos x-1)}\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}frac{cos x-1}{dfrac1{ln x}}right)\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}frac{-sin x}{-dfrac1{x(ln x)^2}}right)\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}(xln x)(sin xln x)right)=e^0
end{align}$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$$begin{align}
lim_{xto0^+}x^{cos x-1}&=lim_{xto0^+}e^{ln x(cos x-1)}\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}frac{cos x-1}{dfrac1{ln x}}right)\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}frac{-sin x}{-dfrac1{x(ln x)^2}}right)\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}(xln x)(sin xln x)right)=e^0
end{align}$$
$endgroup$
$$begin{align}
lim_{xto0^+}x^{cos x-1}&=lim_{xto0^+}e^{ln x(cos x-1)}\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}frac{cos x-1}{dfrac1{ln x}}right)\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}frac{-sin x}{-dfrac1{x(ln x)^2}}right)\
&=expleft(lim_{xto0^+}(xln x)(sin xln x)right)=e^0
end{align}$$
answered Jan 8 at 16:29
ajotatxeajotatxe
53.8k23890
53.8k23890
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$cos x= 1+o(1)$ when $xto 0$ (first order of Taylor expansion). Then
$$frac{x^{cos x}}x =frac{x^{1+o(1)}}x=frac{xcdot x^{o(1)}}x=x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$$
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
This is quite wrong: $y=x+o(1)$ does not imply $x^y=x+o(1)$, and $frac{o(1)}x$ does not necessarily converge to $0$.
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:48
$begingroup$
I should have corrected it now
$endgroup$
– Lorenzo B.
Jan 8 at 16:56
$begingroup$
Yeah, except that now, you pushed everything in the last step $x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$, which happens to be wrong in general. Sorry but this is not a guessing game...
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:59
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$cos x= 1+o(1)$ when $xto 0$ (first order of Taylor expansion). Then
$$frac{x^{cos x}}x =frac{x^{1+o(1)}}x=frac{xcdot x^{o(1)}}x=x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$$
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
This is quite wrong: $y=x+o(1)$ does not imply $x^y=x+o(1)$, and $frac{o(1)}x$ does not necessarily converge to $0$.
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:48
$begingroup$
I should have corrected it now
$endgroup$
– Lorenzo B.
Jan 8 at 16:56
$begingroup$
Yeah, except that now, you pushed everything in the last step $x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$, which happens to be wrong in general. Sorry but this is not a guessing game...
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:59
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$cos x= 1+o(1)$ when $xto 0$ (first order of Taylor expansion). Then
$$frac{x^{cos x}}x =frac{x^{1+o(1)}}x=frac{xcdot x^{o(1)}}x=x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$$
$endgroup$
$cos x= 1+o(1)$ when $xto 0$ (first order of Taylor expansion). Then
$$frac{x^{cos x}}x =frac{x^{1+o(1)}}x=frac{xcdot x^{o(1)}}x=x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$$
edited Jan 8 at 16:55
answered Jan 8 at 16:45
Lorenzo B.Lorenzo B.
1,8402520
1,8402520
$begingroup$
This is quite wrong: $y=x+o(1)$ does not imply $x^y=x+o(1)$, and $frac{o(1)}x$ does not necessarily converge to $0$.
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:48
$begingroup$
I should have corrected it now
$endgroup$
– Lorenzo B.
Jan 8 at 16:56
$begingroup$
Yeah, except that now, you pushed everything in the last step $x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$, which happens to be wrong in general. Sorry but this is not a guessing game...
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:59
add a comment |
$begingroup$
This is quite wrong: $y=x+o(1)$ does not imply $x^y=x+o(1)$, and $frac{o(1)}x$ does not necessarily converge to $0$.
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:48
$begingroup$
I should have corrected it now
$endgroup$
– Lorenzo B.
Jan 8 at 16:56
$begingroup$
Yeah, except that now, you pushed everything in the last step $x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$, which happens to be wrong in general. Sorry but this is not a guessing game...
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:59
$begingroup$
This is quite wrong: $y=x+o(1)$ does not imply $x^y=x+o(1)$, and $frac{o(1)}x$ does not necessarily converge to $0$.
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:48
$begingroup$
This is quite wrong: $y=x+o(1)$ does not imply $x^y=x+o(1)$, and $frac{o(1)}x$ does not necessarily converge to $0$.
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:48
$begingroup$
I should have corrected it now
$endgroup$
– Lorenzo B.
Jan 8 at 16:56
$begingroup$
I should have corrected it now
$endgroup$
– Lorenzo B.
Jan 8 at 16:56
$begingroup$
Yeah, except that now, you pushed everything in the last step $x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$, which happens to be wrong in general. Sorry but this is not a guessing game...
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:59
$begingroup$
Yeah, except that now, you pushed everything in the last step $x^{o(1)}longrightarrow_{xto0}1$, which happens to be wrong in general. Sorry but this is not a guessing game...
$endgroup$
– Did
Jan 8 at 16:59
add a comment |
$begingroup$
You may also use the following facts:
- $lim_{xto 0}frac{cos x-1}{x} = cos'(0) = -sin(0) = 0$
- $lim_{xto 0}xln x = 0$
So, you get
$$ln frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = (cos x - 1)cdot ln x = frac{(cos x - 1)}{x}cdot x ln x stackrel{xto 0^+}{longrightarrow}0cdot 0 = 0$$
Hence, $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = e^0 = 1$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
You may also use the following facts:
- $lim_{xto 0}frac{cos x-1}{x} = cos'(0) = -sin(0) = 0$
- $lim_{xto 0}xln x = 0$
So, you get
$$ln frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = (cos x - 1)cdot ln x = frac{(cos x - 1)}{x}cdot x ln x stackrel{xto 0^+}{longrightarrow}0cdot 0 = 0$$
Hence, $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = e^0 = 1$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
You may also use the following facts:
- $lim_{xto 0}frac{cos x-1}{x} = cos'(0) = -sin(0) = 0$
- $lim_{xto 0}xln x = 0$
So, you get
$$ln frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = (cos x - 1)cdot ln x = frac{(cos x - 1)}{x}cdot x ln x stackrel{xto 0^+}{longrightarrow}0cdot 0 = 0$$
Hence, $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = e^0 = 1$.
$endgroup$
You may also use the following facts:
- $lim_{xto 0}frac{cos x-1}{x} = cos'(0) = -sin(0) = 0$
- $lim_{xto 0}xln x = 0$
So, you get
$$ln frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = (cos x - 1)cdot ln x = frac{(cos x - 1)}{x}cdot x ln x stackrel{xto 0^+}{longrightarrow}0cdot 0 = 0$$
Hence, $limlimits_{x to 0^{+}}frac{x^{cos x}}{x} = e^0 = 1$.
answered Jan 8 at 17:11
trancelocationtrancelocation
10.5k1722
10.5k1722
add a comment |
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
Did you try with $x^{cos x -1}$?
$endgroup$
– ecrin
Jan 8 at 16:19
2
$begingroup$
Hint: $(ln{x})(cos{x}-1) rightarrow 0$.
$endgroup$
– Mindlack
Jan 8 at 16:20
$begingroup$
But the limit is still $0^0$
$endgroup$
– violettagold
Jan 8 at 16:23