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List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes










List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes


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Hurricane Isabel, as seen from the International Space Station in September 2003.


This is a List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes. A total of 33 recorded tropical cyclones have reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. Hurricanes of such intensity occur once every three years in this region on average.


Only in six seasons—1932, 1933, 1961, 2005, 2007, and 2017—has more than one Category 5 hurricane formed. Only in 2005 have more than two Category 5 hurricanes formed, and only in 2007 and 2017 did more than one make landfall at Category 5 strength.[1]




Contents






  • 1 Background


  • 2 Systems


  • 3 Listed by month


  • 4 Landfalls


  • 5 See also


  • 6 References


  • 7 External links





Background[edit]














Saffir–Simpson scale
TD
TS
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5



Tracks of all known Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes between 1851 and 2014


A Category 5 Atlantic hurricane is one that is considered by the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC), to have had sustained wind speeds greater than 136 knots (157 mph; 252 km/h; 70 m/s) on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The NHC considers sustained wind speeds to be those that occur over a one-minute period at 10 metres (32.8 ft) above ground. These wind speeds are estimated by using a blend of data from a variety of sources, which include observations from nearby ships, reconnaissance aircraft, or automatic weather stations and pictures from various satellites.


Officially, from 1924 to 2017, 33 Category 5 hurricanes have been recorded. No Category 5 hurricanes were observed officially before 1924. It can be presumed that earlier storms reached Category 5 strength over open waters, but the strongest winds were not measured. The anemometer, a device used for measuring wind speed, was invented in 1846. However, during major hurricane strikes, the instruments as a whole were often blown away, leaving the hurricane's peak intensity unrecorded. For example, as the Great Beaufort Hurricane of 1879 struck North Carolina, the anemometer cups were blown away when indicating 138 mph (222 km/h).[2]


As of May 2018[update], a reanalysis of weather data was ongoing by researchers who may upgrade or downgrade other Atlantic hurricanes currently listed at Categories 4 and 5.[3] For example, the 1825 Santa Ana hurricane is suspected to have reached Category 5 strength.[4] Furthermore, paleotempestological research aims to identify past major hurricanes by comparing sedimentary evidence of recent and past hurricane strikes. For example, a "giant hurricane" significantly more powerful than Hurricane Hattie (Category 5) has been identified in Belizean sediment, having struck the region sometime before 1500.[5]




An October Category 5 that hit Cuba in 1924


Officially, the decade with the most Category 5 hurricanes is 2000–2009, with eight Category 5 hurricanes having occurred: Isabel (2003), Ivan (2004), Emily (2005), Katrina (2005), Rita (2005), Wilma (2005), Dean (2007), and Felix (2007).
The previous decades with the most Category 5 hurricanes were the 1930s and 1960s, with six occurring between 1930 and 1939 (before naming began).[1]


Nine Atlantic hurricanes—Camille, Allen, Andrew, Isabel, Ivan, Dean, Felix, Irma and Maria—reached Category 5 intensity on more than one occasion; that is, by reaching Category 5 intensity, weakening to a Category 4 status or lower, and then becoming a Category 5 hurricane again. Such hurricanes have their dates shown together. Camille, Andrew, Dean, Felix, Irma, and Maria each attained Category 5 status twice during their lifespans. Allen, Isabel, and Ivan reached Category 5 intensity on three separate occasions. However, no Atlantic hurricane has reached Category 5 intensity more than three times during its lifespan. The 1932 Cuba hurricane holds the record for the most time spent as a Category 5 hurricane (although it took place before satellite or aircraft reconnaissance, so this record may be somewhat suspect). Irma holds the record for the longest continuous span as a Category 5 storm in the satellite era.[1][6]


Thirty-three Category 5 hurricanes have been recorded in the Atlantic basin since 1851, when records began. Only one Category 5 has been recorded in July, eight in August, nineteen in September, five in October, and one in November. There have been no officially recorded June or off-season Category 5 hurricanes.[1]


The July and August Category 5 hurricanes reached their high intensities in both the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. These are the areas most favorable for tropical cyclone development in those months.[1][7]


September sees the most Category 5 hurricanes. This coincides with the climatological peak of the Atlantic hurricane season, which occurs in early September.[8] September Category 5s reached their strengths in any of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and open Atlantic. These places are where September tropical cyclones are likely to form.[7] Many of these hurricanes are either Cape Verde-type storms, which develop their strength by having a great deal of open water; or so-called Bahama busters, which intensify over the warm Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico.[9]


All six Category 5 hurricanes in October and November reached their intensities in the western Caribbean, a region that Atlantic hurricanes strongly gravitate toward late in the season.[7] This is due to the climatology of the area, which sometimes has a high-altitude anticyclone that promotes rapid intensification late in the season, as well as warm waters.



Systems[edit]


























































































































































































































































































































































































Name
Dates as a
Category 5
Duration
(hours)
Sustained
wind speeds
Pressure
Areas affected
Deaths
Damage
(USD)
Refs
"Cuba" October 19, 1924
7001120000000000000♠12
165 mph (270 km/h)
7004910000000000000♠910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
Central America, Mexico, Cuba
Florida, The Bahamas

7001900000000000000♠90
[10]
"San Felipe II
Okeechobee"
September 13–14, 1928
7001120000000000000♠12
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004929000000000000♠929 hPa (27.43 inHg)
Lesser Antilles, The Bahamas
United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada

7003400000000000000♠4,000

$100 million

"Bahamas" September 5–6, 1932
7001240000000000000♠24
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004921000000000000♠921 hPa (27.20 inHg)
The Bahamas, Northeastern United States
7001160000000000000♠16

"Cuba" November 5–8, 1932
7001780000000000000♠78
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004915000000000000♠915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Lesser Antilles, Jamaica, Cayman Islands
Cuba, The Bahamas, Bermuda

7003310300000000000♠3,103

$40 million

"Cuba–Brownsville" August 30, 1933
7001120000000000000♠12
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004930000000000000♠930 hPa (27.46 inHg)
The Bahamas, Cuba, Florida
Texas, Tamaulipas

7002179000000000000♠179

$27.9 million

"Tampico" September 21, 1933
7001120000000000000♠12
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004929000000000000♠929 hPa (27.43 inHg)
Jamaica, Yucatán Peninsula
7002184000000000000♠184

$5 million

"Labor Day" September 3, 1935
7001180000000000000♠18
185 mph (295 km/h)
7004892000000000000♠892 hPa (26.34 inHg)
The Bahamas, Florida, Georgia, The Carolinas, Virginia
7002408000000000000♠408

"New England" September 19–20, 1938
7001180000000000000♠18
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004940000000000000♠940 hPa (27.76 inHg)
Southeastern United States, Northeastern United States, Southwestern Quebec
7002682000000000000♠682

$306 million

Carol September 3, 1953
7001120000000000000♠12
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004929000000000000♠929 hPa (27.43 inHg)
Bermuda, New England, Atlantic Canada
7000500000000000000♠5

$2 million

Janet September 27–28, 1955
7001180000000000000♠18
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004914000000000000♠914 hPa (26.99 inHg)
Lesser Antilles, Central America
7003102300000000000♠1,023

$65.8 million
[11]
Carla September 11, 1961
7001180000000000000♠18
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004931000000000000♠931 hPa (27.49 inHg)
Texas, Louisiana, Midwestern United States
7001430000000000000♠43

$326 million
[12]
Hattie October 30–31, 1961
7001180000000000000♠18
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004920000000000000♠920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Central America
7002319000000000000♠319

$60.3 million

[13][14]
Beulah September 20, 1967
7001180000000000000♠18
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004923000000000000♠923 hPa (27.26 inHg)
The Caribbean, Mexico, Texas
7002688000000000000♠688

$208 million
[15]
Camille August 16–18, 1969
7001300000000000000♠30
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004900000000000000♠900 hPa (26.58 inHg)
Cuba, United States Gulf Coast
7002259000000000000♠259

$1.42 billion
[16]
Edith September 9, 1971
7000600000000000000♠6
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004943000000000000♠943 hPa (27.85 inHg)
The Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, United States Gulf Coast
7001370000000000000♠37

$25.4 million

Anita September 2, 1977
7001120000000000000♠12
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004926000000000000♠926 hPa (27.34 inHg)
Mexico
7001110000000000000♠11

Extensive
[17]
David August 30–31, 1979
7001420000000000000♠42
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004924000000000000♠924 hPa (27.29 inHg)
The Caribbean, United States East coast
7003206800000000000♠2,068

$1.54 billion

[18][19]
Allen August 5–9, 1980
7001720000000000000♠72
190 mph (305 km/h)
7004899000000000000♠899 hPa (26.55 inHg)
The Caribbean, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, South Texas
7002269000000000000♠269

$1.24 billion

[18][20][21]
Gilbert September 13–14, 1988
7001240000000000000♠24
185 mph (295 km/h)
7004888000000000000♠888 hPa (26.22 inHg)
Jamaica, Venezuela, Central America, Hispaniola, Mexico
7002318000000000000♠318

$7.1 billion

[22][23]
Hugo September 15, 1989
7000600000000000000♠6
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004918000000000000♠918 hPa (27.11 inHg)
The Caribbean, United States East Coast
7002107000000000000♠107

$10 billion

[16][24][25]
Andrew August 23–24, 1992
7001160000000000000♠16
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004922000000000000♠922 hPa (27.23 inHg)
The Bahamas, Florida, United States Gulf Coast
7001650000000000000♠65

$26.5 billion

[16][26]
Mitch October 26–28, 1998
7001420000000000000♠42
180 mph (285 km/h)
7004905000000000000♠905 hPa (26.72 inHg)
Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, South Florida
7004193250000000000♠19,325

$6.2 billion

[27][28][29][30]
Isabel September 11–14, 2003
7001420000000000000♠42
165 mph (270 km/h)
7004915000000000000♠915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Greater Antilles, Bahamas, Eastern United States, Ontario
7001510000000000000♠51

$5.37 billion

[16][31]
Ivan September 9–14, 2004
7001600000000000000♠60
165 mph (270 km/h)
7004910000000000000♠910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
The Caribbean, Venezuela, United States Gulf Coast
7002124000000000000♠124

$23.3 billion

[16][32]
Emily July 16, 2005
7000600000000000000♠6
160 mph (260 km/h)
7004929000000000000♠929 hPa (27.43 inHg)
Windward Islands, Jamaica, Mexico, Texas
7001170000000000000♠17

$1.01 billion
[33]
Katrina August 28–29, 2005
7001180000000000000♠18
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004902000000000000♠902 hPa (26.64 inHg)
Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast
7003183600000000000♠1,836

$125 billion
[34]
Rita September 21–22, 2005
7001240000000000000♠24
180 mph (285 km/h)
7004895000000000000♠895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Cuba, United States Gulf Coast
7002125000000000000♠125

$12 billion
[35]
Wilma October 19, 2005
7001180000000000000♠18
185 mph (295 km/h)
7004882000000000000♠882 hPa (26.05 inHg)
Greater Antilles, Central America, Florida
7001870000000000000♠87

$29.4 billion

[36][37][38][39]
Dean
August 18–21, 2007

7001240000000000000♠24
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004905000000000000♠905 hPa (26.72 inHg)
The Caribbean, Central America
7001450000000000000♠45

$1.76 billion

[18][40][41]
Felix
September 3–4, 2007

7001240000000000000♠24
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004929000000000000♠929 hPa (27.43 inHg)
Nicaragua, Honduras
7002133000000000000♠133

$720 million

[42][43][44][45]
Matthew October 1, 2016
7001120000000000000♠12
165 mph (270 km/h)
7004934000000000000♠934 hPa (27.58 inHg)
Antilles, Venezuela, Colombia
United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada

7002603000000000000♠603

$15.1 billion
[46]
Irma
September 5–9, 2017

7001720000000000000♠72
180 mph (285 km/h)
7004914000000000000♠914 hPa (26.99 inHg)
Cape Verde, The Caribbean, British Virgin Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands, Cuba, Florida

7002138000000000000♠138
>$64.8 billion [47]
Maria September 18–20, 2017
7001300000000000000♠30
175 mph (280 km/h)
7004908000000000000♠908 hPa (26.81 inHg)
Lesser Antilles, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Turks and Caicos Islands
7003582200000000000♠5,822
>$91.6 billion [48]
Overall reference for Name, dates, duration, winds and pressure:[1]
†Discontinuous duration (weakened below Category 5 then restrengthened to that classification at least once)


Listed by month[edit]











Landfalls[edit]





Hurricane Camille, a landfalling Category 5 hurricane


All Atlantic Category 5 hurricanes have made landfall at some location at hurricane strength. Most Category 5 hurricanes in the Atlantic make landfall because of their proximity to land in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, where the usual synoptic weather patterns carry them towards land, as opposed to the westward, oceanic mean track of Eastern Pacific hurricanes.[49] Sixteen of the storms made landfall while at Category 5 intensity;[1] 2007 and 2017 are the only years in which two storms made landfall at this intensity.[1]


Many of these systems made landfall shortly after weakening from a Category 5 hurricane. This weakening can be caused by dry air near land, shallower waters due to shelving, interaction with land, or cooler waters near shore.[34] In southern Florida, the return period for a Category 5 hurricane is roughly once every 50 years.[50]


The following table lists these hurricanes by landfall intensity.





























































































































































































































































































































































































































Name
Year

Category 5

Category 4

Category 3

Category 2

Category 1

Tropical storm

Tropical depression
References
"Cuba" 1924 Cuba Florida The Bahamas
[1][51]
"Okeechobee" 1928 Puerto Rico
Guadeloupe, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, & Florida
South Carolina
"Bahamas" 1932 The Bahamas
"Cuba" 1932
Little Cayman & Cuba
The Bahamas Martinique
"Cuba–Brownsville" 1933 The Bahamas
Cuba & Texas

"Tampico" 1933 Yucatán Peninsula Mainland Mexico

"Labor Day" 1935 Florida Keys Northwest Florida The Bahamas
"New England" 1938
New York & Connecticut

Carol 1953 Canada
Janet 1955 Yucatán Peninsula Mainland Mexico

Carla 1961 Texas
Hattie 1961 Belize Mexico
Beulah 1967 Texas Yucatán Peninsula
Camille 1969 Mississippi Cuba
Edith 1971 Nicaragua Louisiana
Belize & Mexico

Anita 1977 Mexico
David 1979 Dominican Republic Dominica Florida
Cuba, The Bahamas, & Georgia

Allen 1980 Texas
Gilbert 1988 Quintana Roo
Jamaica & Tamaulipas
[22]
Hugo 1989
Guadeloupe, Saint Croix, & South Carolina
Puerto Rico [24]
Andrew 1992
Eleuthera & Florida
Berry Islands Louisiana [26]
Mitch 1998 Guanaja Honduras
Campeche & Florida
[27]
Isabel 2003 North Carolina [31]
Ivan 2004 Alabama Louisiana [32]
Emily 2005 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas Grenada [33]
Katrina 2005
Louisiana & Mississippi
Florida [34]
Rita 2005 Louisiana [35]
Wilma 2005
Cozumel & Quintana Roo
Florida [36]
Dean 2007 Quintana Roo Veracruz [40]
Felix 2007 Nicaragua Grenada [42]
Matthew 2016
Haiti, Cuba & Grand Bahama
South Carolina [46]
Irma 2017
Barbuda, Saint Martin, British Virgin Islands & Cuba

Little Inagua & Florida Keys
Southwest Florida [47]
Maria 2017 Dominica Puerto Rico [52]




See also[edit]




  • List of Atlantic hurricanes

  • List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

  • List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes

  • List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes

  • List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes

  • List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes

  • List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes



References[edit]





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  33. ^ ab Franklin, James L; Brown, Daniel P (March 10, 2006). Hurricane Emily July 11 – 21, 2005 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 24, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2012.


  34. ^ abc Knabb, Richard D; Rhome, Jamie R; Brown, Daniel P (December 20, 2005). Hurricane Katrina: August 23 – 30, 2005 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 24, 2017.


  35. ^ ab Knabb, Richard D; Brown, Daniel P; Rhome, Jamie R (March 17, 2006). Hurricane Rita: September 18 - 26, 2005 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 10, 2012.


  36. ^ ab Pasch, Richard J; Blake, Eric S; Cobb III, Hugh D; Roberts, David P (January 12, 2006). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Wilma: October 15 – 26, 2005 (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 13, 2014.


  37. ^ Comisión Nacional del Agua (2006). "Resumen del Huracán "Wilma"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 27, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2012.


  38. ^ Royster, Amy (December 4, 2005). "Wilma's Waves Devastate Grand Bahama Communities". Palm Beach Post.
    (subscription required)



  39. ^ "Hurricane Wilma exacts losses of 704 million dollars: Cuban government". Relief Web. Agence France-Presse. December 4, 2005. Archived from the original on November 27, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2012.


  40. ^ ab Franklin, James L (January 31, 2008). Hurricane Dean: August 13 – 23, 2007 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 24, 2017.


  41. ^ Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO), Nicaragua (2007). "Evaluación de Daños Causados por el Huracán Félix en el Caribe de Nicaragua" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved December 10, 2012.


  42. ^ ab Beven, John L (January 16, 2008). Hurricane Felix: August 31 – September 5, 2007 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 24, 2017.


  43. ^ Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO), Nicaragua (2007). "Evaluación de Daños Causados por el Huracán Félix en el Caribe de Nicaragua" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved December 10, 2012.


  44. ^ Silva, José A (January 29, 2008). "Huracán los terminó de hundir en la pobreza" (in Spanish). El Nuevo Diario. Archived from the original on January 22, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2012.


  45. ^ Comisión Permanente de Contingencias, Government of Honduras (September 7, 2007). "Honduras: Informe preliminar de daños por Huracán Félix y últimas lluvias — Copeco — Boletín #53 – 07 de Septiembre 2007" (in Spanish). Reliefweb. Archived from the original on February 17, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2012.


  46. ^ ab Stewart, Stacy R (April 7, 2017). Hurricane Matthew: September 28 – October 9, 2016 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 24, 2017.


  47. ^ ab Cangialosi, Jong P, Layton, Andrew S and Berg, Robbie (March 9, 2018). Hurricane Irma: August 30 – September 12, 2017 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 13, 2018.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)


  48. ^ Richard J. Pasch; Andrew B. Penny; Robbie J. Berg (April 5, 2018). Hurricane Maria (AL152017) (PDF) (Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 9, 2018.


  49. ^ Landsea, Christopher W (2010-06-08). "Tropical Cyclone FAQ G8) Why do hurricanes hit the East coast of the U.S., but never the West coast?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2010-11-30.


  50. ^ Landsea, Christopher W.; Franklin, James L.; McAdie, Colin J.; Beven, John L.; Gross, James M.; Jarvinen, Brian R.; Pasch, Richard J.; Rappaport, Edward N.; Dunion, Jason P.; Dodge, Peter P. (2004). "A Reanalysis of Hurricane Andrew's Intensity" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 85 (11): 1699. Bibcode:2004BAMS...85.1699L. doi:10.1175/BAMS-85-11-1699. ISSN 0003-0007. Retrieved 2010-11-30.


  51. ^ Mitchell, Charles L (October 1924). "Notes on the West Indian Hurricane of October 14–23, 1924" (PDF). U.S. Weather Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-21.


  52. ^ Brown, Daniel. "Hurricane Maria Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 19 September 2017.




External links[edit]


  • NHC web site












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