Myristic acid
Myristic acid
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Names | |
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IUPAC name Tetradecanoic acid | |
Other names C14:0 (Lipid numbers) | |
Identifiers | |
CAS Number |
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3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI |
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ChEMBL |
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ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.069 |
EC Number | 208-875-2 |
IUPHAR/BPS |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number | QH4375000 |
UNII |
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InChI
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SMILES
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Properties | |
Chemical formula | C14H28O2 |
Molar mass | 228.38 g·mol−1 |
Density | 1.03 g/cm3 (−3 °C)[2] 0.99 g/cm3 (24 °C)[3] 0.8622 g/cm3 (54 °C)[4] |
Melting point | 54.4 °C (129.9 °F; 327.5 K) [9] |
Boiling point | 326.2 °C (619.2 °F; 599.3 K) at 760 mmHg 250 °C (482 °F; 523 K) at 100 mmHg[4] 218.3 °C (424.9 °F; 491.4 K) at 32 mmHg[3] |
Solubility in water | 13 mg/L (0 °C) 20 mg/L (20 °C) 24 mg/L (30 °C) 33 mg/L (60 °C)[5] |
Solubility | Soluble in alcohol, acetates, C6H6, haloalkanes, phenyls, nitros[5] |
Solubility in acetone | 2.75 g/100 g (0 °C) 15.9 g/100 g (20 °C) 42.5 g/100 g (30 °C) 149 g/100 g (40 °C)[5] |
Solubility in benzene | 6.95 g/100 g (10 °C) 29.2 g/100 g (20 °C) 87.4 g/100 g (30 °C) 1.29 kg/100 g (50 °C)[5] |
Solubility in methanol | 2.8 g/100 g (0 °C) 17.3 g/100 g (20 °C) 75 g/100 g (30 °C) 2.67 kg/100 g (50 °C)[5] |
Solubility in ethyl acetate | 3.4 g/100 g (0 °C) 15.3 g/100 g (20 °C) 44.7 g/100 g (30 °C) 1.35 kg/100 g (40 °C)[5] |
Solubility in toluene | 0.6 g/100 g (−10 °C) 3.2 g/100 g (0 °C) 30.4 g/100 g (20 °C) 1.35 kg/100 g (50 °C)[5] |
log P | 6.1[4] |
Vapor pressure | 0.01 kPa (118 °C) 0.27 kPa (160 °C)[6] 1 kPa (186 °C)[4] |
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -176·10−6 cm3/mol |
Thermal conductivity | 0.159 W/m·K (70 °C) 0.151 W/m·K (100 °C) 0.138 W/m·K (160 °C)[7] |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.4723 (70 °C)[4] |
Viscosity | 7.2161 cP (60 °C) 3.2173 cP (100 °C) 0.8525 cP (200 °C) 0.3164 cP (300 °C)[8] |
Structure | |
Crystal structure | Monoclinic (−3 °C)[2] |
Space group | P21/c[2] |
Lattice constant | a = 31.559 Å, b = 4.9652 Å, c = 9.426 Å[2] α = 90°, β = 94.432°, γ = 90° |
Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) | 432.01 J/mol·K[4][6] |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH | −833.5 kJ/mol[4][6] |
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH | 8675.9 kJ/mol[6] |
Hazards | |
GHS pictograms | [10] |
GHS signal word | Warning |
GHS hazard statements | H315[10] |
NFPA 704 | [11] 1 2 0 |
Flash point | > 110 °C (230 °F; 383 K) [11] |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) | >10 g/kg (rats, oral)[11] |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds | Tridecanoic acid, Pentadecanoic acid |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
N verify (what is YN ?) | |
Infobox references | |
Myristic acid (IUPAC systematic name: 1-tetradecanoic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH. Its salts and esters are commonly referred to as myristates. It is named after the binomial name for nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair.[12]
Contents
1 Occurrence
2 Uses
3 See also
4 References
Occurrence[edit]
Nutmeg butter has 75% trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid. Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is also found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butterfat, 8–14% of bovine milk, and 8.6% of breast milk as well as being a minor component of many other animal fats.[9] It is also found in spermaceti, the crystallized fraction of oil from the sperm whale. It is also found in the rhizomes of the Iris, including Orris root.[13][14] It also comprises 14.49% of the fats from the fruit of the Durian species Durio graveolens.[15]
Uses[edit]
Myristic acid is commonly added co-translationally to the penultimate, nitrogen-terminus, glycine in receptor-associated kinases to confer the membrane localization of the enzyme.[citation needed] The myristic acid has a sufficiently high hydrophobicity to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell. In this way, myristic acid acts as a lipid anchor in biomembranes.[citation needed]
Various "human epidemiological studies have shown that myristic acid and lauric acid were the saturated fatty acids most strongly related to the average serum cholesterol concentrations in humans",[16] meaning they were positively correlated with higher cholesterol levels as well as raising triglycerides in plasma by some 20% increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease, although some research points to myristic acid's positive effects on HDL cholesterol and hence improving HDL (good cholesterol) to total cholesterol ratio.[17]
Reduction of myristic acid yields myristyl aldehyde and myristyl alcohol.
See also[edit]
1-Tetradecanol – the corresponding alcohol
Myristyl aldehyde – the corresponding aldehyde
References[edit]
^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 6246
^ abcd Bond, Andrew D. (2003). "On the crystal structures and melting point alternation of the n-alkyl carboxylic acids" (PDF). RSC.org. Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 17 June 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ ab G., Chuah T.; D., Rozanna; A., Salmiah; Y., Thomas Choong S.; M., Sa'ari (2006). "Fatty Acids used as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for Thermal Energy Storage in Building Material Applications" (PDF). University Putra Malaysia. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
^ abcdefg Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
^ abcdefg Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1940). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (3rd ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. pp. 762–763.
^ abcd Tetradecanoic acid in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD), http://webbook.nist.gov
^ Vargaftik, Natan B.; et al. (1993). Handbook of Thermal Conductivity of Liquids and Gases (illustrated ed.). CRC Press. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-8493-9345-7.
^ Yaws, Carl L. (2009). Transport Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons. New York: William Andrew Inc. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-8155-2039-9.
^ ab Beare-Rogers, J. L; Dieffenbacher, A; Holm, J. V (2001). "Lexicon of lipid nutrition (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 73 (4): 685–744. doi:10.1351/pac200173040685.
^ ab Sigma-Aldrich Co., Myristic acid.
^ abc "MYRISTIC ACID". ChemicalLand21.com. AroKor Holdings Inc. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
^ Playfair, Lyon (2009). "XX. On a new fat acid in the butter of nutmegs". Philosophical Magazine. Series 3. 18 (115): 102–113. doi:10.1080/14786444108650255. ISSN 1941-5966.
^ Council of Europe, August 2007 Natural Sources of Flavourings, Volume 2, p. 103, at Google Books
^ John Charles Sawer Odorographia a natural history of raw materials and drugs used in the perfume industry intended to serve growers, manufacturers and consumers, p. 108, at Google Books
^ Nasaruddin, Mohd hanif; Noor, Noor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd; Mamat, Hasmadi (2013). "Komposisi Proksimat dan Komponen Asid Lemak Durian Kuning (Durio graveolens) Sabah" [Proximate and Fatty Acid Composition of Sabah Yellow Durian (Durio graveolens)] (PDF). Sains Malaysiana (in Malay). 42 (9): 1283–1288. ISSN 0126-6039. OCLC 857479186. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^ German JB, Dillard CJ. (2010). "Saturated fats: a perspective from lactation and milk composition". Lipids. 45 (10): 915–923. doi:10.1007/s11745-010-3445-9. PMC 2950926. PMID 20652757.
^ Kromhout, Daan; et al. (1995). "Dietary Saturated and transFatty Acids and Cholesterol and 25-Year Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease: The Seven Countries Study". Preventive Medicine. 24 (3): 308–315. doi:10.1006/pmed.1995.1049. PMID 7644455.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Myristic acid. |
Categories:
- Fatty acids
- Alkanoic acids
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